Additionally, they have both implemented drainage systems involving canals, dams, and pumps vital for both cities for below-sea-level areas. The water supply was privatised by President Suharto in 1998 to the French company Suez Environnement and the British company Thames Water International. As across the western part of Java the wet season rainfall peaks in January and February with average monthly rainfall of 297.7mm (11.72in), and its dry season's low point is in August with a monthly average of 43.2mm (1.70in). As of 2017, the city is home to six Forbes Global 2000, two Fortune 500 and seven Unicorn companies. The dominant colonial styles can be divided into three periods: the Dutch Golden Age (17th to late 18th century), the transitional style period (late 18th century 19th century), and Dutch modernism (20th century). High-speed railways being constructed connecting Jakarta to Bandung and another one is at planning stage from Jakarta to Surabaya. [81] Inward immigration tended to negate the effect of family planning programs. It is led by an army Major General with the title of "Jakarta Military Regional Commander" (Indonesian: Panglima Daerah Militer Kodam Jaya, abbreviated Pangdam Jaya). Both companies subsequently sold their concessions to Indonesian companies. [164] Thamrin 10 is a food and creative park located at Menteng, where varieties of food stall are available.[165]. Moojen. Jalan Sabang,[154][155] Jalan Sidoarjo, Jalan Kendal at Menteng area, Kota Tua, Blok S, Blok M,[156] Jalan Tebet,[157] are all popular destinations for street-food lovers. Angkot microbuses also play a major role in road transport of Jakarta. [13] After expanding to the south in the 19th century, this nickname came to be more associated with the suburbs (e.g. [196], As a metropolitan area of about 30 million people, Jakarta has a variety of transport systems. Jakarta's most popular home football club is Persija, which plays in Indonesia Super League. [31], The Wealth Report 2015 by Knight Frank reported that 24 individuals in Indonesia in 2014 had wealth at least US$1billion and 18 live in Jakarta. Another transit system Greater Jakarta LRT is expected to be operational by June 2023. Most pesantren (Islamic boarding schools) in Jakarta are affiliated with the traditionalist Nahdlatul Ulama,[101] modernist organisations mostly catering to a socioeconomic class of educated urban elites and merchant traders. Bajaj auto rickshaw provide local transportation in the back streets of some parts of the city. The Ciliwung River divides the city into the western and eastern districts. In 1966, Jakarta was declared a 'special capital region' (Daerah Khusus Ibukota), with a status equivalent to that of a province. Each city and regency is divided into districts/Kecamatan. In 2017, Jakarta's religious composition was distributed over Islam (83.43%), Protestantism (8.63%), Catholicism (4.0%), Buddhism (3.74%), Hinduism (0.19%), and Confucianism (0.01%). It is a public institution with campuses in Salemba (Central Jakarta) and in Depok. [17] The area of North Jakarta around Tugu became a populated settlement in the early 5th century. At one time, it was the de facto capital of the Dutch East Indies, when it was known as Batavia. The Roman Catholic community has a Metropolis, the Archdiocese of Jakarta that includes West Java as part of the ecclesiastical province. Financial institutions such as the Bank of Indonesia, Indonesia Stock Exchange, and corporate headquarters of numerous Indonesian companies and multinational corporations are located in the city. Over generations, most have intermarried with one or more ethnicities, especially people of Chinese, Arab and European descent. [125], Though Jakarta has been named the most popular location as per tag stories,[126] and ranked eighth most-posted among the cities in the world in 2017 on image-sharing site Instagram,[127] it is not a top international tourist destination. The wet season in Jakarta covers seven months: November to May. During the Indonesian National Revolution, Indonesian Republicans withdrew from Allied-occupied Jakarta and established their capital in Yogyakarta. [49] Nowadays, a 1.2km (0.75mi), with capacity 60m3 (2,100cuft) per second, underground water tunnel between Ciliwung River and the East Flood Canal is being worked on to ease the Ciliwung River overflows. $26.81 - $208.64. According to PALYJA, the service coverage ratio increased substantially from 34% (1998) to 65% (2010) in its western half of the concession. [211], Jakarta has many of the country's best-equipped private and public healthcare facilities. [173], The Jakarta Car-Free Days are held weekly on Sunday on the main avenues of the city, Jalan Sudirman, and Jalan Thamrin, from 6 AM to 11 AM. As of 2010, 36.17% of the city's population were Javanese, 28.29% Betawi (locally established mixed race, cemented by diverse creole), 14.61% Sundanese, 6.62% Chinese, 3.42% Batak, 2.85% Minangkabau, 0.96% Malays, Indo and others 7.08%. For example, traditional Padang restaurants and low-budget Warteg (Warung Tegal) food-stalls are ubiquitous in the capital. Other popular Betawi dishes include soto kaki, nasi uduk, kerak telor (spicy omelette), nasi ulam, asinan, ketoprak, rujak and gado-gado Betawi (salad in peanut sauce). [222] Those without access to piped water get water mostly from wells that are often salty and unsanitary. The first government was led by a mayor until the end of 1960 when the office was changed to that of a governor. [102] Many Islamic organisations have headquarters in Jakarta, including Nahdlatul Ulama, Indonesian Ulema Council, Muhammadiyah, and Jaringan Islam Liberal. 55, Senayan, Kebayoran Baru, South Jakarta and their hotline-emergency number is 110. Jakarta is a member of the Asian Network of Major Cities 21, C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group and ASEAN Smart Cities Network. Lenggang Jakarta is a food court, accommodating small traders and street vendors,[163] where Indonesian foods are available within a single compound. These parts allow the wheels to travel up and down when encountering potholes or bumps in the road to smooth out the ride, but they become less effective over time. [48] In January 2014, the central government agreed to build two dams in Ciawi, Bogor and a 1.2km (0.75mi) tunnel from Ciliwung River to Cisadane River to ease flooding in the city. [82] The 2010 census counted some 9.58million people, well above government estimates. Many TV stations are analogue PAL, but some are now converting to digital signals using DVB-T2 following a government plan to digital television migration.[181]. The houses were built of nangka wood (Artocarpus integrifolia) and comprise three rooms. Rapid transit in Greater Jakarta consists of TransJakarta bus rapid transit, Jakarta LRT, Jakarta MRT, Greater Jakarta Commuter Rail, and Soekarno-Hatta Airport Rail Link. Lying on the northwest coast of Java, the world's most populous island, Jakarta is the largest city in Southeast Asia and serves as the diplomatic capital of ASEAN. Betawi cuisine is heavily influenced by Malay-Chinese Peranakan cuisine, Sundanese and Javanese cuisine, which is also influenced by Indian, Arabic and European cuisines. It is a collection of 105 small islands located on the Java Sea. Commercial opportunities in the city attracted native and especially Chinese and Arab immigrants. [40], During the Jokowi presidency, the Government adopted a plan to move Indonesia's capital to East Kalimantan.[41]. Honda Civic 2010, Shock Absorbers and Struts by FCS. It is led by a two-star police general (Inspector General of Police) with the title of "Greater Jakarta Regional Police Chief" (Indonesian: Kepala Kepolisian Daerah Metro Jaya, abbreviated Kapolda Metro Jaya). The shocks are what stop the vehicle from bouncing. [11] In 1527, Fatahillah, a Javanese general from Demak attacked and conquered Sunda Kelapa, driving out the Portuguese. Local (non-central government) sources of revenue are incomes from various taxes such as vehicle ownership and vehicle transfer fees, among others. [149][150][151] Jakarta has several performing art centres, such as the classical concert hall Aula Simfonia Jakarta in Kemayoran, Taman Ismail Marzuki (TIM) art centre in Cikini, Gedung Kesenian Jakarta near Pasar Baru, Balai Sarbini in the Plaza Semanggi area, Bentara Budaya Jakarta in the Palmerah area, Pasar Seni (Art Market) in Ancol, and traditional Indonesian art performances at the pavilions of some provinces in Taman Mini Indonesia Indah. 2.6trillion (US$268.5million) to the city's total direct income of Rp. [42] The Greater Jakarta area includes three bordering regencies (Bekasi Regency, Tangerang Regency and Bogor Regency) and five adjacent cities (Bogor, Depok, Bekasi, Tangerang and South Tangerang). [23] By 1930, Batavia had more than 500,000 inhabitants,[26] including 37,067 Europeans.[27]. Jakarta hosted the 1962 Asian Games,[167] and the 2018 Asian Games, co-hosted by Palembang. The dyke will be equipped with a pumping system and retention areas to defend against seawater and function as a toll road. As of 2017, according to the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, Jakarta had a crisis over clean water. The most famous landmark, which became the symbol of the city, is the 132m-tall (433ft) obelisk of the National Monument (Monumen Nasional or Monas) in the centre of Merdeka Square. Most of the visitors attracted to Jakarta are domestic tourists. [35] The boom ended with the 1997 Asian financial crisis, putting Jakarta at the centre of violence, protest, and political manoeuvring. This sudden population increase created burdens on the city. Industries include electronics, automotive, chemicals, mechanical engineering and biomedical sciences. Two private companies, PALYJA and Aetra, provide piped water in the western and eastern half of Jakarta respectively under 25-year concession contracts signed in 1998. Its office is located at Jl. Jakarta is home to most of Indonesian national newspapers, besides some local-based newspapers. In 2015, more than 15,000 runners from 53 countries participated. Hospital chains such as Siloam, Pondok Indah Hospital Group, Mayapada, Mitra Keluarga, Medika, Medistra, Ciputra, and Hermina operate in the city.[217][218]. Daily local newspapers in Jakarta are Pos Kota and Warta Kota, as well as the now-defunct Indopos. Limited-Lifetime Warranty. SELECT STORE. However, the Moroccan capital city of Rabat has an avenue named after Sukarno, Indonesia's first president, to commemorate his visit in 1960 and as a token of friendship.[225]. [34] Foreign investment contributed to a real estate boom that transformed the face of Jakarta. [208][209][210], To transform the city into a more livable one, a ten-year urban regeneration project was undertaken, for Rp 571trillion ($40.5billion). Jakarta's business and employment opportunities, along with its ability to offer a potentially higher standard of living compared to other parts of the country, have attracted migrants from across the Indonesian archipelago, making it a melting pot of numerous cultures. The cultures of the Javanese and other Indonesian ethnic groups have a higher profile than that of the Betawi. [24], The city began to expand further south as epidemics in 1835 and 1870 forced residents to move away from the port. Arts and culture festivals and exhibitions include the annual ARKIPEL Jakarta International Documentary and Experimental Film Festival, Jakarta International Film Festival (JiFFest), Djakarta Warehouse Project, Jakarta Fashion Week, Jakarta Fashion & Food Festival (JFFF), Jakarnaval, Jakarta Night Festival, Kota Tua Creative Festival, Indonesia International Book Fair (IIBF), Indonesia Creative Products and Jakarta Arts and Crafts exhibition. Kemang Raya: Part 1", "Fenomena Bisnis Kuliner di Jalan Senopati Jakarta", "Lenggang Jakarta, Tempat Nongkrong Baru di Monas", "Lenggang Jakarta Kemayoran Resmi Dibuka, Kawasan Sentra Kuliner Baru di Pusat Ibu Kota", "Superhot fried chicken eats into KFC's dominance in Indonesia", "Football stadiums of the world Stadiums in Indonesia", "Lintasan Sudah 90 Persen Rampung, Timnas Sepeda Jajal Venue Velodrome Awal Mei", "Equestrian Park Pulomas Ditargetkan Rampung November 2017", "Car-Free Day reduces air pollution: Tests", "Thousands of runners to join Jakarta Marathon 2015 on Sunday", "Here are the New Routes for Jakarta Marathon 2015 | GIVnews.com Indonesian Perspective to Global Audience", "Wonderful Indonesia Jakarta Marathon 2014: Indonesia's Biggest Running Event", "IAAF Approves Jakarta Marathon's Route | Metro | Tempo.Co:: Indonesian News Portal", "Sirkuit Formula E di Ancol Mulai Dibangun", "TV Digital Indonesia Siaran TV Digital", "Ini 21 Caleg DPR yang Terpilih dari DKI Jakarta", "Four years on, Ahok's 'Smart City' legacy lives on", "Jokowi spends less, provides more than Foke, say observers", "Council approves city budget for 2013, higher than proposed", "2019 draft city budget to be set at Rp 89 trillion", "Jakarta Proposes Rp95 Trillion Regional Budget Plan for 2020", "Jakarta revised budget estimated at Rp 72 trillion", "Hours to Go, Just to Get to Work: Indonesians Cope With Infuriating Traffic and Inefficient Public Transit", "Jakarta wins global 2021 Sustainable Transport Award for integrated public transportation", "Transportation Issues and Future Condition in Tokyo, Jakarta, Manila and Hiroshima", "Pulo Gebang, Terminal Terbesar se-ASEAN Diresmikan 28 Desember", "Potret Terkini LRT Jabodebek yang Beroperasi 2023", "Anies Baswedan Suggests Incentives for Workers Riding Bike to Work", "Indonesia: Asia's maritime gateway to the west", "Here's How Indonesia Can Benefit From China's Belt and Road Initiative", "Capital or not, Jakarta looks toward urban regeneration", "Pemprov DKI Jakarta Masuki Tahun ke-4 Integrasikan KJS ke Program JKN-KIS", "Dinkes Pastikan KJS Masih Tetap Berlaku - Beritajakarta.id", "Bukan Jakarta, Penduduk yang Miliki BPJS di Provinsi Ini Terbanyak Se-Indonesia", "Indonesia's health care industry is on the rise", "Mayapada Hospital Jakarta Selatan Diresmikan", Disconnected: Poverty, Water Supply and Development in Jakarta, Indonesia, "Poor Water Service, Most of Jakarta People Threatened by E-Coli", "Kementerian ESDM: Jakarta Krisis Air Bersih", "Jakarta is Affirmed to be a Diplomatic Capital City", "Morocco seeks to boost business ties with RI: Envoy", "21 State Capitals Working with Sister City with Jakarta", "Indonesia for 'sister city' agreement with Vijayawada", "Jakarta and Rotterdam strengthen ties on urban water management", "The Political Economy of Urban Poverty and Environmental Management in Asia: Access, Empowerment and Community-based Alternatives", "The Politics of Sport. 5 of 1974 relating to regional governments, Jakarta was confirmed as the capital of Indonesia and one of the country's then 26 provinces.[31]. Jakarta has been home to multiple settlements. Jakarta, formerly (until 1949) Batavia or (1949-72) Djakarta, largest city and capital of Indonesia. Moreover, Jakarta is sinking about 5 to 10cm (2.0 to 3.9in) each year, and up to 20cm (7.9in) in the northern coastal areas. He began control of migration to the city to stem overcrowding and poverty. The headquarters of the Indonesian Chamber of Commerce and Industry and Indonesian Employers Association are also located in the city. Thamrin, one of the main avenues, the Selamat Datang monument stands on the fountain in the centre of the Hotel Indonesia roundabout. [32] Lieutenant General Ali Sadikin served as governor from 1966 to 1977; he rehabilitated roads and bridges, encouraged the arts, built hospitals and a large number of schools. [228] This cooperation is mainly because both cities are dealing with similar problems; they lie in low-lying flat plains and are prone to flooding. [36] Much of the rioting targeted Chinese Indonesians. Jakarta ranks first among the Indonesian provinces in human development index. Jakarta cuisine can be found in modest street-side warung food stalls and kaki lima (five legs) travelling vendors to high-end fine dining restaurants. Jakarta is administratively equal to a province with special status. [83] The population rose from 4.5million in 1970 to 9.5million in 2010, counting only legal residents, while the population of Greater Jakarta rose from 8.2million in 1970 to 28.5million in 2010. [166] Foreign cuisines such as Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Thai, Singaporean, Indian, American, Australian, Malaysian, French, Mediterranean cuisines like Maghrebi, Turkish, Italian, Middle Eastern cuisine, and modern fusion food restaurants can all be found in Jakarta. Jakarta is an alpha world city and is the seat of the ASEAN secretariat. SKU # 223938. A public asset holding company called PAM Jaya owns the infrastructure. Based on law No. [104] Jakarta ranked at 21 in the list of Cities Of Economic Influence Index in 2020 by CEOWORLD magazine. It was named for Muslim troops of Fatahillah which successfully defeated and drove out the Portuguese away from the city in 1527. It brings sports tourism. [136] There is a vocational higher education, Politeknik Negeri Jakarta (PNJ). [21] The Sunda Kingdom made an alliance treaty with the Portuguese by allowing them to build a port in 1522 to defend against the rising power of Demak Sultanate from central Java. In addition to its sister cities, Jakarta cooperates with:[226], "Jacatra" redirects here. According to the 2020 census, roughly 361,000 Batak; 300,960 Minangkabau and 101,370 Malays lived in the city. Marine tourism, such as diving, water bicycling, and windsurfing, are the primary tourist activities in this territory. Flona Jakarta is a flora-and-fauna exhibition, held annually in August at Lapangan Banteng Park, featuring flowers, plant nurseries, and pets. These rivers, combined with the wet season rains and insufficient drainage due to clogging, make Jakarta prone to flooding. The elite suburb Menteng, developed during the 1910s, was the city's first attempt at creating ideal and healthy housing for the middle class. Jakarta covers 699.5km2 (270.1sqmi), the smallest among any Indonesian provinces. [23] With Jakarta selected to host the 1962 Asian Games, Soekarno, envisaging Jakarta as a great international city, instigated large government-funded projects with openly nationalistic and modernist architecture. In 1602, the British East India Company's first voyage, commanded by Sir James Lancaster, arrived in Aceh and sailed on to Banten where they were allowed to build a trading post. [92] Most Betawis lived in the fringe zones with few Betawi-majority zones of central Jakarta. [141], STOVIA (School tot Opleiding van Indische Artsen, now Universitas Indonesia) was the first high school in Jakarta, established in 1851. Traditional music is often found at high-class hotels, including Wayang and Gamelan performances. The most recent landmark built is the Jakarta International Stadium. There is a significant Chinese influence in Betawi culture, reflected in the popularity of Chinese cakes and sweets, firecrackers and Betawi wedding attire that demonstrates Chinese and Arab influences. [31] Ministry of Home Affairs (Kemendagri) tabulates its own data, which has improved since id card requirements in last decade, lists Jakarta's population at 11,261,595 in yearend 2021. [16] The area in and around modern Jakarta was part of the 4th-century Sundanese kingdom of Tarumanagara, one of the oldest Hindu kingdoms in Indonesia. The former Batavia Stadhuis, Sunda Kelapa port in Jakarta Old Town is another landmark. Jakarta's nominal GDP was US$203.702billion and PPP GDP was US$602.946billion in 2021, which is about 17% of Indonesia's. Other popular street foods include nasi goreng (fried rice), sate (skewered meats), pecel lele (fried catfish), bakso (meatballs), bakpau (Chinese bun) and siomay (fish dumplings). The remaining five months (June to October) constitute the city's drier season (save for June having an average monthly rainfall of less than 100mm (3.9in). With the recent urbanization of Chinese communities from several rural areas in Indonesia, other Chinese dialects have been brought into the Chinese community in Jakarta, such as Hakka, Teochew and Cantonese. There are many bus terminals in the city, from where buses operate on numerous routes to connect neighborhoods within the city limit, to other areas of Greater Jakarta area and to cities across the island of Java. In the early 1960s, Jakarta provided highways and super-scale cultural monuments as well as Senayan Sports Stadium. The original houses had a longitudinal organisation, with overhanging eaves, large windows and open ventilation, all practical features for a tropical climate. Between 1961 and 1980, the population of Jakarta doubled, and during the period 19801990, the city's population grew annually by 3.7%. Jakarta is home to numerous educational institutions. As of 2001 they self-identified as being 5.5%, which was thought of as under-reported;[94] this explains the 6.6% figure ten years later. [45] Thirteen rivers flow through Jakarta. After independence, the process of nation-building in Indonesia and demolishing the memory of colonialism was as important as the symbolic building of arterial roads, monuments, and government buildings. The Greater Jakarta Metropolitan Regional Police (Indonesian: Polda Metro Jaya) is the police force that is responsible to maintain law, security, and order for the Jakarta metropolitan area. The Golden Triangle of Jakarta is one of the fastest evolving CBD's in the Asia-Pacific region. They mostly descend from an eclectic mix of Southeast Asians brought or attracted to meet labour needs. The representatives are elected from Jakarta's three national electoral districts, which also includes overseas voters. The northern part of Jakarta is plain land, some areas of which are below sea level,[43] and subject to frequent flooding. The Batak in Jakarta mostly speak Indonesian, while the older generation tends to speak their native languages, such as Batak Toba, Mandailing, and Karo, depending on which ancestral towns and places in North Sumatra they come from. [44] The Thousand Islands, which are administratively a part of Jakarta, are located in Jakarta Bay, north of the city. At present, there are two such food courts, located at Monas and Kemayoran. After a feasibility study, a ring dyke known as Giant Sea Wall Jakarta is under construction around Jakarta Bay to help cope with the threat from the sea. As of June 2021, Jakarta already has 63 kilometers of bicycle lanes, and another 101 kilometers will be added by the end of the year 2021.[205][206]. [223], Jakarta hosts foreign embassies. In the 17th century, the city was known as Koningin van het Oosten (Queen of the Orient), a name that was given for the urban beauty of downtown Batavia's canals, mansions and ordered city layout. However, its metropolitan area covers 6,392km2 (2,468sqmi), which extends into two of the bordering provinces of West Java and Banten. Some festivals such as the Jalan Jaksa Festival, Kemang Festival, Festival Condet and Lebaran Betawi include efforts to preserve Betawi arts by inviting artists to display performances. It has a seating capacity of 3,500 for track cycling, and up to 8,500 for shows and concerts,[172] which can also be used for various sports activities such as volleyball, badminton and futsal. Jenderal Sudirman Kav. Colonial architecture is apparent in houses and villas, churches, civic buildings and offices, mostly concentrated in the Jakarta Old Town and Central Jakarta. After securing full independence, Jakarta again became the national capital in 1950. [130] According to Euromonitor International's latest Top 100 City Destinations Ranking of 2019, Jakarta ranked at 57th among 100 most visited cities of the world.[131]. Ondel-ondel, often used as a symbol of Betawi culture, The Golden Snail IMAX theatre at Taman Mini Indonesia Indah, Japanese community celebrating Ennichisai in Blok M, South Jakarta. Traditional markets include Blok M, Mayestik, Tanah Abang, Senen, Pasar Baru, Glodok, Mangga Dua, Cempaka Mas, and Jatinegara. For basic education, a variety of primary and secondary schools are available, tagged with the public (national), private (national and bi-lingual national plus) and international labels. [216], Government-run hospitals are of a good standard but are often overcrowded. Some of statues and monuments are nationalist, such as the West Irian Liberation Monument, the Tugu Tani, the Youth statue and the Dirgantara statue. The 'Betawi' (Orang Betawi, or 'people of Batavia') are immigrant-descendants of the old city who became widely recognised as an ethnic group by the mid-19th century. After three decades in power, support for President Suharto began to wane. Examples are English-language newspapers The Jakarta Post and online-only The Jakarta Globe. Hokkien, which is mainly from Sumatra (Medan, Bagansiapiapi, Batam) is mostly spoken in Northern Jakarta, such as in Pantai Indah Kapuk, Pluit, and Kelapa Gading, meanwhile Hakka and Teochew, which are derived from the Chinese communities in Pontianak and Singkawang, are mainly spoken in West Jakarta, like in Tambora and Grogol Petamburan. 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