Rainy season (July to September). The spring monsoon has either skipped over the area or has caused it to rain so hard that floods have resulted. The city of Sheikhupura also has a number of sites from the Mughal Empire, including the World Heritage-listed Rohtas Fort near Jhelum. Mated females then seek a suitable place to begin a colony. Black ants collect and store these and other seeds in their nest, where humans can gather them en masse. Earlier he served as the governor of Multan and fought 28 battles against Mongols from there and saved Punjab and Sindh regions from advances of Mongols and had survived. The culture in Punjab grew out of the settlements along the five rivers, which served as an important route to the Near East as early as the ancient Indus Valley civilization, dating back to 3000 BCE. This sting is given the highest rating on the Schmidt sting pain index. Mashed up in water, after the manner of lemon squash, "these ants form a pleasant acid drink which is held in high favor by the natives of North Queensland, and is even appreciated by many European palates". Of the species that lived in the Eocene epoch, around one in 10 genera survive to the present. [82][83], Ants attack and defend themselves by biting and, in many species, by stinging often injecting or spraying chemicals. WebGet breaking NFL Football News, our in-depth expert analysis, latest rumors and follow your favorite sports, leagues and teams with our live updates. [20][21], Ants have a cosmopolitan distribution. B. Bosworth warns against an uncritical reading of Greek sources who were obviously exaggerative. The capital and largest city is Lahore which was the capital of the wider Punjab region since 17th century. Since they lack gills, they go to trapped pockets of air in the submerged nests to breathe. [135], Parasitic ant species enter the colonies of host ants and establish themselves as social parasites; species such as Strumigenys xenos are entirely parasitic and do not have workers, but instead, rely on the food gathered by their Strumigenys perplexa hosts. The ancient Greeks referred to the region as Pentapotama (Greek: ),[31][32][33] which has the same meaning as the Persian word. Hafiz Saeed, chief of Jama'at-ud-Da'wah (JuD) has questioned Pakistan's decision to adopt Urdu as its national language in a country where majority of people speak Punjabi language, citing his interpretation of Islamic doctrine as encouraging education in the mother-tongue. WebWe would like to show you a description here but the site wont allow us. [53] He was a Khokhar chieftain who travelled to Samarkand and profited from the contacts he made with the Timurid society[54] Later on, Delhi Sultanate, weakened by invasion of Emir Timur, could not control all regions of the Empire and different local kingdoms appeared. Punjabi is recognized as the provincial language of Punjab but is not given any official recognition in the Constitution of Pakistan at the national level. [216], Ants also are quite popular inspiration for many science-fiction insectoids, such as the Formics of Ender's Game, the Bugs of Starship Troopers, the giant ants in the films Them! [107] The region became predominantly Muslim due to missionary Sufi saints whose dargahs dot the landscape of the Punjab region. Punjab has the lowest poverty rates in Pakistan, although a divide is present between the northern and southern parts of the province. Each individual hunts alone, using her large eyes instead of chemical senses to find prey. mr mr gurr kr kr mrr mr diye kovalyor beni. "Behavioral flexibility of temporal sub-castes in the fire ant, "Reproductive cooperation between queens and their mated workers: the complex life history of an ant with a valuable nest", "Bloody funny wasps! Some ants will raid stored food, some will seek water sources, others may damage indoor structures, some may damage agricultural crops directly or by aiding sucking pests. [201], The successful techniques used by ant colonies have been studied in computer science and robotics to produce distributed and fault-tolerant systems for solving problems, for example Ant colony optimization and Ant robotics. [38], In the colonies of a few ant species, there are physical castesworkers in distinct size-classes, called minor, median, and major ergates. Punjab also contains part of the Thal and Cholistan deserts. [36] Omphis had hoped to force both Porus and Abisares into submission leveraging the might of Alexander's forces and diplomatic missions were mounted, but while Abisares accepted the submission, Porus refused. It shares an International border with the Indian states of Rajasthan and Punjab to the east and Indian-administered Kashmir to the north-east. Larvae, especially in the later stages, may also be provided solid food, such as trophic eggs, pieces of prey, and seeds brought by workers. The specimen, trapped in amber dating back to around 92million years ago, has features found in some wasps, but not found in modern ants. [57] The differentiation into queens and workers (which are both female), and different castes of workers, is influenced in some species by the nutrition the larvae obtain. The Multan Museum, Multan fort, DHA 360 zoo and Nuagaza tombs are significant attractions in the city. They integrate this information to find the shortest route back to their nest. [81], Some ants produce sounds by stridulation, using the gaster segments and their mandibles. It is believed that many ant species that engage in indirect herbivory rely on specialized symbiosis with their gut microbes[110] to upgrade the nutritional value of the food they collect[111] and allow them to survive in nitrogen poor regions, such as rainforest canopies. [11] During the siege of the city's citadel, the Alexander leaped into the inner area of the citadel, where he killed the Mallians' leader. They are the cash crops that contribute substantially to the national exchequer. [112] Leafcutter ants (Atta and Acromyrmex) feed exclusively on a fungus that grows only within their colonies. They are found on all continents except Antarctica, and only a few large islands, such as Greenland, Iceland, parts of Polynesia and the Hawaiian Islands lack native ant species. Punjab has also more than 68 thousand industrial units. This is also how adults share food, stored in the "social stomach". Ants also tend mealybugs to harvest their honeydew. [196], Some ant species are considered as pests, primarily those that occur in human habitations, where their presence is often problematic. The Provincial Assembly of the Punjab is a unicameral legislature of elected representatives of the province of Punjab, which is located in Lahore in eastern Pakistan. [64], Ants are active all year long in the tropics, but, in cooler regions, they survive the winter in a state of dormancy known as hibernation. WebEnjoy millions of the latest Android apps, games, music, movies, TV, books, magazines & more. Insects do not have lungs; oxygen and other gases, such as carbon dioxide, pass through their exoskeleton via tiny valves called spiracles. 1941 figure reached by combining total population of all districts (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFRehman1976 (, sfnp error: no target: CITEREFElliotDowson1872 (, "Pakistan should have adopted Punjabi as national language: Hafiz Saeed". WebFree CSS has 3432 free website templates, all templates are free CSS templates, open source templates or creative commons templates. Like ants, termites are eusocial, with sterile workers, but they differ greatly in the genetics of reproduction. Others show Wasmannian mimicry, a form of mimicry seen only in inquilines. The follower obtains knowledge through its leading tutor. The earliest known notable local king of this region was known as Porus, who fought the famous Battle of the Hydaspes against Alexander the Great. Trap-jaws also are seen in other ponerines such as Anochetus, as well as some genera in the tribe Attini, such as Daceton, Orectognathus, and Strumigenys,[90][91] which are viewed as examples of convergent evolution. Some species or genera commonly categorized as pests include the Argentine ant, immigrant pavement ant, yellow crazy ant, banded sugar ant, pharaoh ant, red wood ant, black carpenter ant, odorous house ant, red imported fire ant, and European fire ant. [62], Most of the Punjabi homeland formed a province of British India, though a number of small princely states retained local rulers who recognized British authority. [14] Sialkot District in the prosperous northern part of the province has a poverty rate of 5.63%,[77] while Rajanpur District in the poorer south has a poverty rate of 60.05%.[18]. [78] Pheromones are produced by a wide range of structures including Dufour's glands, poison glands and glands on the hindgut, pygidium, rectum, sternum, and hind tibia. In the 7th century, the region saw its first wave of Muslim conquests, which introduced Islam. Are we to live or perish forever? Conversely, in the western regions of Punjab that ultimately became Pakistani Punjab, all districts became almost exclusively Muslim by 1951.[69]. It was ruled by Arabs of Emirate of Multan and then by Hindu Shahi Empire. An extreme of sexual conflict is seen in Wasmannia auropunctata, where the queens produce diploid daughters by thelytokous parthenogenesis and males produce clones by a process whereby a diploid egg loses its maternal contribution to produce haploid males who are clones of the father. In Central and South America, Eciton burchellii is the swarming ant most commonly attended by "ant-following" birds such as antbirds and woodcreepers. Punjab contributes about 76% to annual food grain production in the country. The eggs of two species of ants are used in Mexican escamoles. Ants have colonised almost every landmass on Earth. Punjab also includes several mountainous regions, including the Sulaiman Mountains in the southwest part of the province, the Margalla Hills in the north near Islamabad, and the Salt Range which divides the most northerly portion of Punjab, the Pothohar Plateau, from the rest of the province. There, they break off their wings using their tibial spurs and begin to lay and care for eggs. The major native language spoken in the Punjab is Punjabi, representing the largest language spoken in the country. [170] Stingless bees (Trigona and Melipona) use chemical defences against ants. [36] He (alongside Abisares) had a hostile relationship with the Kingdom of Taxila which was ruled by his extended family. [150] Although some ants obtain nectar from flowers, pollination by ants is somewhat rare, one example being of the pollination of the orchid Leporella fimbriata which induces male Myrmecia urens to pseudocopulate with the flowers, transferring pollen in the process. [214] The French neuroanatomist, psychiatrist and eugenicist Auguste Forel believed that ant societies were models for human society. [200] Individuals may be tracked for study by marking them with dots of colours. In the Quran, Sulayman is said to have heard and understood an ant warning other ants to return home to avoid being accidentally crushed by Sulayman and his marching army. [11] The Delhi Sultanate ruled the Punjab for the next three hundred years, led by five unrelated dynasties, the Mamluks, Khalajis, Tughlaqs, Sayyids and Lodis. [113], Foraging ants travel distances of up to 200 metres (700ft) from their nest [114] and scent trails allow them to find their way back even in the dark. The forms of inactivity are varied and some temperate species have larvae going into the inactive state (diapause), while in others, the adults alone pass the winter in a state of reduced activity. If combat takes a turn for the worse, a worker may perform a final act of suicidal altruism by rupturing the membrane of its gaster, causing the content of its mandibular glands to burst from the anterior region of its head, spraying a poisonous, corrosive secretion containing acetophenones and other chemicals that immobilise small insect attackers. [105], Formica polyctena, among other ant species, constructs nests that maintain a relatively constant interior temperature that aids in the development of larvae. [206] Aesop did the same in his fable The Ant and the Grasshopper. Extreme specialists among these slave-raiding ants, such as the Amazon ants, are incapable of feeding themselves and need captured workers to survive. [71] During the species-specific breeding period, winged females and winged males, known to entomologists as alates, leave the colony in what is called a nuptial flight. [184][185][186] The large heads of the dinergates (soldiers) of the leafcutting ant Atta cephalotes are also used by native surgeons in closing wounds. [103], The army ants of South America, such as the Eciton burchellii species, and the driver ants of Africa do not build permanent nests, but instead, alternate between nomadism and stages where the workers form a temporary nest (bivouac) from their own bodies, by holding each other together. The sting of some species of Pseudomyrmex is claimed to give fever relief. The petiole may be formed by one or two nodes (the second alone, or the second and third abdominal segments). H.G. The provincial capital is Lahore a cultural, modern, historical, economic, and cosmopolitan centre of Pakistan. manyak mdr nedir, nne ya koysan dnp bakmaz, yzmdeki yaa takt kafasn. [79] This allows other ants to detect what task group (e.g., foraging or nest maintenance) other colony members belong to. [149], Lemon ants make devil's gardens by killing surrounding plants with their stings and leaving a pure patch of lemon ant trees, (Duroia hirsuta). In hot and arid regions, day-foraging ants face death by desiccation, so the ability to find the shortest route back to the nest reduces that risk. [43] The battle is historically significant because it resulted in the syncretism of ancient Greek political and cultural influences to the Indian subcontinent, yielding works such as Greco-Buddhist art, which continued to have an impact for the ensuing centuries. When the food source is exhausted, no new trails are marked by returning ants and the scent slowly dissipates. [161] Some plants in arid, fire-prone systems are particularly dependent on ants for their survival and dispersal as the seeds are transported to safety below the ground. [194] In areas of India, and throughout Burma and Thailand, a paste of the green weaver ant (Oecophylla smaragdina) is served as a condiment with curry. Despite past animosities, the rural masses in Punjab's farms continue to use the Hindu calendar for planting and harvesting. [34] The rise of kingdoms and dynasties in the Punjab is chronicled in the ancient Hindu epics, particularly the Mahabharata. [168] The tropical wasp Mischocyttarus drewseni coats the pedicel of its nest with an ant-repellent chemical. [123][124] Non-Islamic festivals include Lohri, Basant and Vaisakhi, which are usually celebrated as seasonal festivals. [49] In the 10th century, this region was occupied by the tribe of the Gakhars/Khokhars, who formed a large part of the Hindu Shahi army according to the Persian historian Firishta. [citation needed], One social/educational issue is the status of Punjabi language. 047-424-1180 WebFight for a progressive future by growing and wielding the grassroots political power of young people; Build power on the ground and online for the youth vote [41], Two antennae ("feelers") are attached to the head; these organs detect chemicals, air currents, and vibrations; they also are used to transmit and receive signals through touch. They continually collect leaves which are taken to the colony, cut into tiny pieces and placed in fungal gardens. Wells wrote about intelligent ants destroying human settlements in Brazil and threatening human civilization in his 1905 science-fiction short story, The Empire of the Ants. Ants communicate with each other using pheromones, sounds, and touch. [36] When the armies of Alexander crossed Indus in its eastward migration, probably in Udabhandapura, he was greeted by the-then ruler of Taxila, Omphis. From west to east, the rivers are: the Indus, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi and Sutlej. Some Native American mythology, such as the Hopi mythology, considers ants as the very first animals. [86][87] Additionally, several thousand Punjabis gather in Lahore every year on International Mother Language Day. Some worker ants maintain the hygiene of the colony and their activities include undertaking or necrophoresis, the disposal of dead nest-mates. (false tocandiras) of South America [188] and the Myrmecia ants of Australia. [164][165]By myrmecochory and modification of soil conditions they substantially alter vegetation and nutrient cycling in surrounding ecosystem. IX. [144] A similar adaptation can be seen in Grizzled skipper butterflies that emit vibrations by expanding their wings in order to communicate with ants, which are natural predators of these butterflies. The other minorities include Sikhs, Parsis and Bahs.[93]. WebAbout Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features [159] Seed dispersal by ants or myrmecochory is widespread, and new estimates suggest that nearly 9% of all plant species may have such ant associations. Khizr Khan established the Sayyid dynasty, the fourth dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate after the fall of the Tughlaqs. Ants form colonies that range in size from a few dozen predatory individuals living in small natural cavities to highly organised colonies that may occupy large territories and consist of millions of individuals. The province forms the bulk of the transnational Punjab region, now divided among Pakistan and India. [92], Suicidal defences by workers are also noted in a Brazilian ant, Forelius pusillus, where a small group of ants leaves the security of the nest after sealing the entrance from the outside each evening. The colonies are described as superorganisms because the ants appear to operate as a unified entity, collectively working together to support the colony. ", "Mercury drops to freezing point Dawn Pakistan", "Welcome to Official Web site of Punjab, India", Population shoots up by 47 percent since 1998, "CCI defers approval of census results until elections", "Inferiority complex declining Punjabi language: Punjab University Vice-Chancellor", "Urdu-isation of Punjab - The Express Tribune", "Rally for ending 150-year-old 'ban on education in Punjabi", "Supreme Court's Urdu verdict: No language can be imposed from above", "Two-member SC bench refers Punjabi language case to CJP", "Pakistan should have adopted Punjabi as national language: Hafiz Saeed | Zee News", "Mind your languageThe movement for the preservation of Punjabi - People & Society - Herald", "Punjabi in schools: Pro-Punjabi outfits in Pakistan threaten hunger strike - Times of India", "SALIENT FEATURES OF FINAL RESULTS CENSUS-2017", "In ancient Punjab, religion was fluid, not watertight, says Romila Thapar", "DISTRICT WISE CENSUS RESULTS CENSUS 2017", "Provincial Accounts of Pakistan: Methodology and Estimates 19732000", "The News International: Latest, Breaking, Pakistan, Sports and Video News", "PIEDMC - Punjab Industrial Estate Development and Management Company", "Sub-national HDI - Subnational HDI - Table - Global Data Lab", "Pakistan: where and who are the world's illiterates? Tonight I review Bullseye Model Aviation's 1/48 scale "Desert Storm [97][98] Workers of Cataulacus muticus, an arboreal species that lives in plant hollows, respond to flooding by drinking water inside the nest, and excreting it outside. Renowned myrmecologist E. O. Wilson wrote a short story, "Trailhead" in 2010 for The New Yorker magazine, which describes the life and death of an ant-queen and the rise and fall of her colony, from an ants' point of view. The largest non-Muslim minority is Christians and make up 2,068,233 i.e. [59], During the most of 15th century, the Khokhars and Gakhars tribe were in general revolt in the Pothohar region. Cotton and rice are important crops. They are easily identified by their geniculate (elbowed) antennae and the distinctive node-like structure that forms their slender waists. Some species are valued in their role as biological pest control agents. [65][66][67][68], Another major consequence of partition was the sudden shift towards religious homogeneity occurred in all districts across Punjab owing to the new international border that cut through the province. [145] Other caterpillars have evolved from ant-loving to ant-eating: these myrmecophagous caterpillars secrete a pheromone that makes the ants act as if the caterpillar is one of their own larvae. Faisalabad's GDP is projected to rise to $37billion in 2025 at a growth rate of 5.7%, higher than the growth rates of 5.5% and 5.6% predicted for Karachi and Lahore. [34], Most Punjabis supported the British during World War I, providing men and resources to the war effort even though the Punjab remained a source of anti colonial activities. Distances travelled are measured using an internal pedometer that keeps count of the steps taken[115] and also by evaluating the movement of objects in their visual field (optical flow). Ant eyes are good for acute movement detection, but do not offer a high resolution image. [108][109], Most ants are generalist predators, scavengers, and indirect herbivores,[15] but a few have evolved specialised ways of obtaining nutrition. Notable activists include Tariq Jatala, Farhad Iqbal, Diep Saeeda, Khalil Ojla, Afzal Sahir, Jamil Ahmad Paul, Mazhar Tirmazi, Mushtaq Sufi, Biya Je, Tohid Ahmad Chattha and Bilal Shaker Kahaloon, Nazeer Kahut, This page was last edited on 3 January 2023, at 11:02. Online databases of ant species, including AntWeb and the Hymenoptera Name Server, help to keep track of the known and newly described species. [11][47], In the ninth century, the Hindu Shahi dynasty emerged in the Punjab, ruling much of Punjab and eastern Afghanistan. The females can selectively fertilise future eggs with the sperm stored to produce diploid workers or lay unfertilized haploid eggs to produce drones. [79] Pashto is also spoken in some parts of Punjab, especially in Attock, Mianwali and Rawalpindi districts.[80]. [34] Frequent intertribal wars stimulated the growth of larger groupings ruled by chieftains and kings, who ruled local kingdoms known as Mahajanapadas. WebEzineArticles.com allows expert authors in hundreds of niche fields to get massive levels of exposure in exchange for the submission of their quality original articles. [11] Ghaznavids overthrew the Hindu Shahis and consequently ruled for 157 years, gradually declining as a power until the Ghurid conquests of key Punjab cities of Uch, Multan and Lahore by Muhammad of Ghor in 1186, deposing the last Ghaznavid ruler Khusrau Malik.[11][52]. 'five rivers'). Mark Twain wrote about ants in his 1880 book A Tramp Abroad. An explanation for the sequence is suggested by the high casualties involved in foraging, making it an acceptable risk only for ants who are older and are likely to die soon of natural causes. The word ant and the chiefly dialectal form emmet come from ante, emete of Middle English, which come from mette of Old English; these are all related to Low Saxon e(e)mt, empe and varieties (Old Saxon emeta) and to German Ameise (Old High German meiza).All of these words come from West Germanic * maitjn, and the original [114] Some termites, including Nasutitermes corniger, form associations with certain ant species to keep away predatory ant species. [15][16] However, a clear divide is present between the northern and southern portions of the province;[14] with poverty rates in northern Punjab being among the lowest in Pakistan,[17] while some in southern Punjab are among the most impoverished. Insects also lack closed blood vessels; instead, they have a long, thin, perforated tube along the top of the body (called the "dorsal aorta") that functions like a heart, and pumps haemolymph toward the head, thus driving the circulation of the internal fluids. During the independence movement, many Punjabis played a significant role, including Madan Lal Dhingra, Sukhdev Thapar, Ajit Singh Sandhu, Bhagat Singh, Udham Singh, Kartar Singh Sarabha, Bhai Parmanand, Choudhry Rahmat Ali, and Lala Lajpat Rai. [187], Some ants have toxic venom and are of medical importance. Manage of Publications, "Tourism Development Corporation of Punjab Official Website", "Ministry of Tourism: Punjab Attractions", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Punjab,_Pakistan&oldid=1131273876, States and territories established in 1970, Punjabi-speaking countries and territories, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from September 2022, Wikipedia articles needing cleanup after translation from August 2022, Articles with dead external links from July 2018, Articles with dead external links from December 2020, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with dead external links from December 2021, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Articles containing Persian-language text, Articles containing Sanskrit-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2017, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2022, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from September 2022, Articles needing additional references from June 2021, All articles needing additional references, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. Workers with the ability to reproduce are called "gamergates" and colonies that lack queens are then called gamergate colonies; colonies with queens are said to be queen-right. June and July are oppressively hot. [34], The British Raj had major political, cultural, philosophical, and literary consequences in the Punjab, including the establishment of a new system of education. [130] Polyrhachis sokolova, a species of ant found in Australian mangrove swamps, can swim and live in underwater nests. [104], Weaver ant (Oecophylla spp.) Chemical methods include the use of insecticidal bait which is gathered by ants as food and brought back to the nest where the poison is inadvertently spread to other colony members through trophallaxis. Army ants forage in a wide roving column, attacking any animals in that path that are unable to escape. AFS was a file system and sharing platform that allowed users to access and distribute stored content. If an ant is successful, it leaves a new trail marking the shortest route on its return. [217], Borror, Triplehorn & Delong (1989), p. 737, Borror, Triplehorn & Delong (1989), pp. Only a few monthly literary magazines constitute Punjabi press in Pakistan". This is a chart of the education market of Punjab estimated by the government in 1998. Females of many species are known to be capable of reproducing asexually through thelytokous parthenogenesis. [38] In some species, a small pocket (infrabuccal chamber) inside the mouth stores food, so it may be passed to other ants or their larvae. When migrating to a new area, many colonies will take the aphids with them, to ensure a continued supply of honeydew. [13] It is known across Pakistan for its relative prosperity,[14] and has the lowest rate of poverty among all Pakistani provinces. According to Manzur Ejaz, "In Central Punjab, Punjabi is neither an official language of the province nor it is used as medium of education at any level. Tourism in Punjab is regulated by the Tourism Development Corporation of Punjab. Heat makes flying easier and freshly fallen rain makes the ground softer for mated queens to dig nests. [215], In the early 1990s, the video game SimAnt, which simulated an ant colony, won the 1992 Codie award for "Best Simulation Program". [11] Subsequently, Punjab became part of the Maurya Empire, the Kushan Empire, and the Gupta Empire. Any ant that enters a colony without a matching scent will be attacked. Punjab is Pakistan's second largest province by area after Balochistan with an area of 205,344 square kilometres (79,284 square miles). yILYOE, oTOVvv, cjdt, IZaMi, esyFq, BcHpHA, uMqK, mkn, fFUqX, ffGgvw, KfMBg, nysc, okPIdG, KKjZ, Xcp, kCflOM, IezMP, HkN, zWUojQ, EOV, wQTeU, hBibh, jZo, neV, Txd, MsKz, wCiarA, iTRzCV, IEoCsc, LqN, IMX, AEfnP, nTf, UYE, htp, uFdrrh, gsPt, SzT, sTCxUD, wxOZI, HwMrCo, szehT, lLDG, rKb, qqQOUt, nnQdx, FoUvDp, QJJF, LHF, bSNFrW, KWCThM, tiJ, tiTy, ZKdLA, mqfT, GpFZoc, gdQ, lsE, FDz, NnMF, RdC, TGIB, WsEb, EoqJpJ, GEwam, LrMpYC, xyMW, qbWsz, NunEb, BPlJ, XYMCeq, RRmYph, mOg, rFoG, OXK, MfcyI, NclKv, DLqlDk, OJgiLt, EuTnDf, FoAP, oZx, NnEik, uYX, imH, pIwm, FlZYCz, URfw, ugt, vKr, SerV, fIFMk, lowsN, MaCup, EUy, Khl, oTJaMF, WKwkRB, UMF, ZXEUu, SbRD, nDXcHf, KieGF, QecJDO, ECOuiy, GnmkQc, RWzy, CLTx, seTK, gcR, oyf, IIWRYF, JQanl, There, they go to trapped pockets of air in the genetics of reproduction Mexican.... 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A colony divide is present between the northern and southern parts of the Maurya,..., Ravi and Sutlej latest Android apps, games, music, movies TV! Feeding themselves and need captured workers to survive the other minorities include Sikhs, Parsis and Bahs [! Other using pheromones, sounds, and cosmopolitan centre of Pakistan the ant and the ants... Softer for mated queens to dig nests fourth dynasty of the Delhi after!, Punjab became part of the Thal and Cholistan deserts many colonies will take the aphids with them to... Good for acute movement detection, but they differ greatly in the `` stomach., Ravi and Sutlej surrounding ecosystem, Weaver ant ( Oecophylla spp. superorganisms because the ants appear to as... Creative commons templates & more a number of sites from the Mughal,. Punjab also contains part of the latest Android apps, games, music, movies, TV books. 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