Description of differential KOs between I5007 and control groups. This protein interacts with the apoptosis-associated speck-like protein PYCARD/ASC, which contains a caspase recruitment domain, and is a member of the NLRP3 inflammasome complex. Burden of gastrointestinal disease in the United States: 2012 update. Following primer sequences trimming, sequences were separated based on their barcodes. (B) Cladogram. (E) Heatmap showing the genera that were significantly affected by supplementation with L. reuteri I5007 on a certain day. In complementary analyses, we classified these 1087 serum metabolites into 25 different coabundance modules (excluding the gray module) of closely associated metabolites based on WGCNA (Additional file 2: Table S1g). Nutr Res. LJY and SC performed the analysis of the samples. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to analyze the variation between two groups. These findings were consistent with previous studies showing that dietary supplementation with L. reuteri increased the concentration of SCFAs in piglet feces [83, 84], suggesting L. reuteri drives the enrichment of several functional microbes to modulate the development and maturation of the fecal microbiota in piglets. 2014;46:67986. The results showed that dietary I5007 intake only decreased the concentrations of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF- and IL-6 in the cord blood serum (Additional file 1: Fig. The project was coordinated by ProDigest but all parties involved took part on the discussion about study design, inclusion and exclusion criteria and outcome measurements. This finding was mainly due to changes seen in the severe subgroup (Fig. The microbiome and butyrate regulate energy metabolism and autophagy in the mammalian colon. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to analyze the variation between two groups. Lorenz MO. 2015;31:16746. In addition, they were also found to possess a more dysbiotic gut microbial community when compared to the moderate subgroup (results not shown). Springer Nature. This study was commissioned by Embria Health Sciences (USA) to ProDigest BVBA (Belgium), which subcontracted the D.R.U.G. WebDownload scientific diagram | | Concentrations of different biliary BAs in the galls of different groups. The fecal samples were from piglets with diarrhea (n=16) and from healthy (n=16) piglets. Gastroenterology. The extracted microbial DNA was processed to construct metagenome shotgun sequencing libraries with insert sizes of 400 bp by using the Illumina TruSeq Nano DNA LT Library Preparation Kit. Therefore, we have made use of validated instruments to assess the effects of EpiCor fermentate on GI discomfort, bowel movements and quality of life [14, 33, 36, 37, 39]. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. mSystems. Genome Biol. The color intensity is proportional to the absolute value of Spearmans rank correlation values. Free Shipping Recyclable refrigerated box. The complex microbiota of raw milk. In turn, as mentioned above, GI transit time has a selective role on microbiome composition. Akkermansia muciniphila is an extremely unique probiotic that makes its home in your gut. In adults, reports are even scarcer. Figure S9. To evaluate differences across time within the two treatment groups at both family and genus level, two-way repeated measures ANOVA with Dunnetts multiple comparisons test against V1 was performed in GraphPad Prism (v7.00 for Windows). A Scatter plot of orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) results for the serum metabolome across the two groups. Upstream of this interplay between gut microbiome and GI transit is diet, and dietary habits influence GI transit in a microbiota dependent- and independent-manner [24]. Then, the sparse correlations among the key species were determined in the SparCC [55] python module with a bootstrap repeated 100 times. Total microbial genomic DNA was extracted from 16 colostrum samples (1 mL) using the Milk DNA Extraction Kit (Norgen, Thorold, Ontario, Canada) following the manufacturers instructions. 2021;12:2241. Not However, the potential mechanism of IF in alleviating dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis is not fully understood. The median of the data is shown. Fast and sensitive protein alignment using DIAMOND. However, the potential mechanism of IF in alleviating dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis is not fully understood. The rectal swab was performed by inserting sterile swab approximately 11.5 cm in the anal canal, moving swab from side to side in the anal canal and allowing swab to remain 1030 s for absorption of microbes onto the swab. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. Our findings confirmed that the oral administration of L. reuteri reproduced the modulation of the fecal microbiota composition and reduced diarrhea after weaning (day 28) despite the cessation of maternal L. reuteri administration. Int Immunopharmacol. The PAC-QOL provides information about the special distraction of daily life and general well-being of volunteers because of constipation [37]. A Heatmap of Spearmans rank correlations between differential metabolites in umbilical cord blood serum and significant genera in the meconium. They have also received the corresponding testing product (either EpiCor or placebo) and initiated the 6-week intervention trial (500mg/day, single dose). (PDF 554kb), Microbial taxa fold-changes (V2/V1 and V3/V1) in the moderate subgroup. Moreover, subjects enrolling in a study investigating the effects of dietary supplements may alter their dietary habits even if in an unconscious manner, which may confound results and lead to placebo effects. Therefore, an increase in their numbers by means of probiotic-like supplements has been proposed for the management of constipation [31]. Bioinformatics. Therefore, we have made use of previously validated questionnaires in order to investigate the effects on symptoms of GI dysfunction, stool frequency/consistency and constipation-associated quality of life [14, 33] (see further below). 2C). The quantity and quality of the extracted DNA were measured using a NanoDrop (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Wilmington, DE, USA) and agarose gel electrophoresis, respectively. Am J Gastroenterol. Study design, coordination and reporting were done by IP and SP (ProDigest) after approach from LR (Embria Health Sciences). An old 2012 study showed two months of supplementation significantly reduced blood glucose. WebResearchers here report on evidence for senescent cells in the stem cell niches supporting muscle tissue to reduce stem cell function and the capacity for muscle regeneration. The microbial gene functions annotated in CAZy, the concentration of acids and the relationship between the serum metabolites and species in colostrum. However, and despite some controversy [58], they are different diseases in etiology and extrapolation has to be done cautiously. For instance, in general, taxa belonging to the clusters C3 and C7 show an increase in the EpiCor-treated groups, whereas in the placebo there is a decrease or no change (e.g. In contrast, treatment with loperamide (Imodium, antidiarrheal) was shown to delay transit time with the consequent increase in Porphyromonadaceae [24]. Moreover, the gut microbiota is also able to directly modulate endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal mucosa to produce molecules that influence gut motor function, such as gastrin, serotonin (in [24]) and the satiety hormones Peptide YY (PYY) and Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 (reviewed in [56, 57]). Piglets were weighted on days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28. GW and XYF analyzed the data. Multiomic association studies on the microbiota of sows and the serum metabolome. Similarly to these findings, in another study using a PCR-based profiling method, a higher relative abundance of bifidobacteria, particularly Bifidobacterium longum, has been observed in constipated children [28]. This supplement works best when taken over the long term. The piglets were further divided into two treatment groups: oral or nonoral administration of L. reuteri in the different sow groups (detail see Fig. Figure S3. (a) Both taxa and treatment groups were subject to HCL analysis. Delivery mode shapes the acquisition and structure of the initial microbiota across multiple body habitats in newborns. Then, the amplicons were quantified, pooled, and sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq system (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) for paired-end reads. 2014;179:634. An antiinflammatory immunogen from yeast culture induces activation and alters chemokine receptor expression on human natural killer cells and B lymphocytes in vitro. Because the microbiome is metabolically interconnected, direct effects of motility on key groups of bacteria may result in a cascade of events with broader consequences to the equilibrium of this ecosystem. 2006;22:16589. Initial community evenness favours functionality under selective stress. The data are expressed as the average relative abundance of genera in each group. The bacteria belonging to the genera Brachybacterium, which was identified as the commensal microorganism in the milk microbiome, were significantly enriched in the colostrum of L. reuteri treated group. Bolger AM, Lohse M, Usadel B. Trimmomatic: a flexible trimmer for Illumina sequence data. Induction of colonic regulatory T cells by indigenous Clostridium species. No significant differences in microbial richness and diversity (Shannon and Simpson index) were found in the intestine across different ages between the two groups (Additional file 1: Fig. 2009;458:6236. At the phylum level, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Firmicutes were the most abundant taxa in the fecal microbiota of sows over time, and the relative abundance of Proteobacteria tended to increase from gestation to lactation (Additional file 1: Fig. Legend: V1, V2 and V3 correspond to visit 1 (baseline), visit 2 (3-weeks after treatment) and visit 3 (6-weeks after treatment), respectively, Principal component analysis (47.4%) of the relative fold-changes calculated for all taxonomic groups (family and genus levels). Persistent gut microbiota immaturity in malnourished Bangladeshi children. This model corrects for baseline differences and includes all patients, even those who drop out during intervention (note however that there were no dropouts). Control-a, DSS-b, DSS+HQD-c. HQD, Huangqin decoction. Therapeutic strategies that function by reversing gut dysbiosis and mitochondrial dysfunction may prove beneficial to treat PD pathology. Nat Prod Commun. Bassotti G, Villanacci V, Cretoiu D, Cretoiu SM, Becheanu G. Cellular and molecular basis of chronic constipation: taking the functional/idiopathic label out. Legend: The enlisted gastrointestinal symptoms are BD (bloating/distension), GAS (passage of gas), RUM (GI rumbling), FF (feeling of fullness) and AD (abdominal discomfort). Science. Langmead B, Salzberg SL. To characterize the functional changes in the microbial community in milk after I5007 treatment, we annotated the metagenomic gene catalogs against the KEGG, GO, and CAZy databases. When such approaches are ineffective, the use of hyperosmotic agents such as glycerin or sorbitol and stimulants such as senna or bisacodyl must be considered [54], but these have undesirable side effects and mustnt be used for prolonged periods of time. Scand J Gastroenterol. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. (B) Cladogram. 2020;1:100077. The clustering of the Oral group included four stages, namely, day 0, day 3day 7, day 14day 21, and day 28, while that of the Nonoral groups included five stages. The relationship between serum metabolite features and meconium microbiota. 2008;2:6875. MegaPreBiotic REINFORCES the benecial microbial changes created by MegaSporeBiotic to promote a strong A Monte Carlo test was used to measure the significant association between two data sets. Therefore, this pilot study was intended to assess the effect of 6-week administration of EpiCor fermentate on GI symptoms and stool frequency/consistency in a population with moderate to severe symptoms of intestinal discomfort, and to determine if EpiCor treatment could lead to an improvement in quality of life. Wang X, Yang F, Liu C, Zhou H, Wu G, Qiao S, et al. The bars show the levels of TNF- (A) and IL-6 (B) between the I5007 and control groups. However, the potential mechanism of IF in alleviating dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis is not fully understood. Twenty-six crossbred sows (Landrace and Yorkshire) in late gestation received a diet supplemented with L. reuteri I5007 from late gestation (days 028) to lactation (days 2842). 2A). ns, not significant; *P <0.05; **P<0.01; ****P <0.0001. Human male/female volunteers with moderate to severe symptoms of GI discomfort and constipation were screened for eligibility (Fig. Monthly delivery Stop or cancel anytime. The L. reuteri supplement tended to alter the species composition and these two methods exhibited the best weight changes. The second important observation is that the total cohort is positioned between the severe and moderate subgroups, a fact that supports subgroup analysis. 2012;489:22030. For gavage, L. reuteri adjusted to a density of 109 CFU/mL with sterile saline. Moreover, the richness, Shannon and Simpson indices revealed a change in the richness and diversity of these OTUs after 28 days of oral administration of L. reuteri. We further explored the untargeted serum metabolome profiles via UPLC-TOF-MS in both the positive ion mode (ES+) and negative ion mode (ES). The samples were then centrifuged at 12,000 rpm and 4 C for 20 min, and the supernatant was transferred into an Eppendorf tube. from hard to normal stools). Bharucha AE. Privacy Control-a, DSS-b, DSS+HQD-c. HQD, Huangqin decoction. (D) Histogram showing the relative abundances of the five most abundant phyla in the intestine of sows over time. A Pearson correlation distance metric was used to build the hierarchical clustered tree. Ghorbani P, Santhakumar P, Hu Q, Djiadeu P, Wolever TMS, Palaniyar N, et al. The color of the bar indicates enrichment of the species in the I5007 (green) and control (red) groups. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that maternal L. reuteri supplementation enriched the lysine biosynthesis and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathways and downregulated the bacterial invasion of epithelial cells in the colostrum. F The enzyme activity of SOD in the serum of piglets at day 21. Next, we examined the effects of maternal dietary intake and oral administration of L. reuteri on the alteration in -diversity and -diversity within these 19 OTUs (Additional file 1: Fig. Article CAS Possemiers S, Pinheiro I, Verhelst A, Van den Abbeele P, Maignien L, Laukens D, et al. Present address: State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China, Present address: Beijing Key Laboratory of Biological Feed Additive, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China, Gang Wang,Xinyu Wang,Yonghang Ma,Shuang Cai,Lijie Yang,Yuxin Fan&Shiyan Qiao, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biological Feed Additive, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China, Gang Wang,Xinyu Wang,Yonghang Ma,Shuang Cai,Lijie Yang,Yuxin Fan&Xiangfang Zeng, You can also search for this author in ns, not significant; *P <0.05; **P<0.01. Global and deep molecular analysis of microbiota signatures in fecal samples from patients with irritable bowel syndrome. 1). Pendulum Glucose Control - A1C management (contains Akkermansia) Pendulum Akkermansia | Daily gut health and healthy body weight Pendulum GI Repair | Better digestion and less discomfort The raw Illumina sequence data of sows and piglets and the independent validation cohort generated in the present study are available in the sequence read archive (SRA) at NCBI under Bioproject accessions # PRJNA701781 and # PRJNA730972, respectively. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test or two-way ANOVA was used to analyze the variation. Microbiome. Cell Rep Med. Pendulum Akkermansia For Gut Health (use code TRYTHIS for 20% off your first order): One-of-a-kind Akkermansia supplement. WebDownload Table | Inhibitory potency of probiotics on pathogenic bacterial strains, before encapsulation, in AI5 beads and after release. 2014;14:118397. However, we observed that the predictive accuracy was decreased in the independent validation cohort, which may have been due to the high intercohort variability. Complex interactions among diet, gastrointestinal transit, and gut microbiota in humanized mice. B The microbial structure dissimilarity was dependent on the BrayCurtis metric between two groups. PubMed This supplement works best when taken over the long term. Liu H, Zeng X, Zhang G, Hou C, Li N, Yu H, et al. Buchwald-Werner S, Fujii H, Reule C, Schoen C. Perilla extract improves gastrointestinal discomfort in a randomized placebo controlled double blind human pilot study. Investigations on the modulation of the development of the infant gut microbiota have mainly focused on the maternal diet [23], feeding style [25], and administered antibiotics [9]. Nat Methods. PeerJ PeerJ Inc. 2016;4:e2584. 2010;12:3089104. Korpela K, Salonen A, Vepslinen O, Suomalainen M, Kolmeder C, Varjosalo M, et al. Suresh K. An overview of randomization techniques: an unbiased assessment of outcome in clinical research. To ensure that sufficient individuals with higher (severe) GI symptoms scores would be included, the threshold for successful inclusion in the study was set to have at least 50 subjects reporting an average score5 for GI discomfort based on the 5-item GI symptoms questionnaire (see further below) which was recorded daily during run-in. Ana M Valdes and colleagues discuss strategies for modulating the gut microbiota through diet and probiotics Microbiome refers to the collective genomes of the micro-organisms in a particular environment, and microbiota is the community of micro-organisms themselves (box 1). Alterations in microbial and functional compositions in the colostrum. WebDoctor Formulated Probiotic Supplement: Our one-a-day whole food probiotic with digestive enzyme & prebiotic fiber is Dr. formulated for an optimal blend of ingredients ; Probiotics For Adults With 34 Strains: Our prebiotics and probiotics are High Potency and intended now for use by you a female and male adult. The V3-V4 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA genes were amplified using the universal primers 338F (5-GTGCCAGCMGCCGCGG-3) and 806R (5-CCGTCAATTCMTTTRAGTTT-3). Redundancy analysis (RDA) was performed at the genus level using the R package vegan. As it is known that women suffer more from gastrointestinal discomfort and constipation [14, 50, 51], more women than men were included in this study. An LDA score >2.0 and p<0.05 were used as the thresholds for significant differences in the taxa and functions. 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. Sequence analysis was performed using the UNOISE pipeline through USEARCH v10.0 [40] and VSEARCH v2.15 [41]. Not The development of the natural fecal microbiota followed a smooth line that showed a gradual increase with age (Additional file 1: Fig. 2019;44:205464. Gut microbiota has attracted widespread attention due to its crucial role in disease pathophysiology, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Jensen GS, Patterson KM, Yoon I. Yeast culture has anti-inflammatory effects and specifically activates NK cells. WebBeneficial Effects of Akkermansia muciniphila Are Not Associated with Major Changes in the Circulating Endocannabinoidome but Linked to Higher Mono-Palmitoyl-Glycerol Levels as New PPARalpha Agonists. (D) PCoA plots of significantly different species based on BrayCurtis distance. Statistically significant differences in taxa and functions across groups were determined by linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) with the default parameters [51]. Diet indicates dietary supplementation with L. reuteri or not; group indicates the oral administration of L. reuteri or not. Given established links between constipation and gut microbiome dysbiosis [23, 24, 27,28,29,30,31, 40], the secondary objective of this study was to assess the effect of EpiCor fermentate on gut microbial composition. Each vector represents a taxonomic group (family or genus levels). Liu H, Hou C, Wang G, Jia H, Yu H, Zeng X, et al. The development of many varied approaches to J Biotechnol. In this subgroup no significant differences between EpiCor fermentate and placebo were found (see also Fig. 2016;14:4369. DNA quality and quantity were analyzed by electrophoresis on a 1.2% (w/v) agarose gel and by determination of the absorbance at 260 and 280nm. WebAkkermansia muciniphila has shown beneficial effects on the gut barrier function. WebThe objectives of this review on leaky gut for clinicians are to discuss the components of the intestinal barrier, the diverse measurements of intestinal permeability, their perturbation in non-inflammatory stressed states and the impact of treatment with dietary factors. Cherbut C, Aube AC, Blottiere HM, Galmiche JP. In theory, disease-specific quality of life questionnaires, which evaluate problems specific to the FGIDs in question, can detect smaller and more relevant changes in health status, which are otherwise missed by generic instruments [10]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. Tsai C-C, Hsih H-Y, Chiu H-H, Lai Y-Y, Liu J-H, Yu B, et al. Wald A, Scarpignato C, Kamm MA, Mueller-Lissner S, Helfrich I, Schuijt C, et al. Anaerostipes rhamnosivorans sp. Alterations in the colostrum microbial composition. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-017-1948-0, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-017-1948-0. BioTechniques. [93]. D Histograms of significantly enriched KEGG pathways between the I5007 and control groups based on the criteria of an LDA>2 and P<0.05. In the present study, we used a combination of taxonomic, metagenomic, and metabolomic approaches, and the results revealed that L. reuteri, administered either directly or indirectly through vertical transfer, improved the development and maturation of fecal microbiota and subsequently promoted the early growth of piglets. Eighty healthy male/female volunteers between 18 and 70years of age with reduced bowel movements and other symptoms of GI discomfort were enrolled via public notice board and phone call. It is clear that there is a discrepancy between studies, and most of them have been done using limited techniques. 5D) and day 3 (Additional file 2: Table S1h), respectively. 5G). Functional constipation, also known as chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC), is a symptom-based gastrointestinal (GI) disorder without apparent organic abnormalities that occurs in otherwise healthy individuals [1]. 2017YFD0500506). Interestingly, there was no effect of oral administration of I5007 on the activity of SOD and the concentration of MDA, but maternal dietary intake significantly increased the SOD activity and decreased the MDA level in the serum of piglets on day 21 (Fig. Naive Bayesian classifier for rapid assignment of rRNA sequences into the new bacterial taxonomy. In addition to economic costs, constipation greatly affects patients quality of life, having a significant impact on both mental and physical components [7, 8]. Bui TPN, de Vos WM, Plugge CM. Soret R, Chevalier J, De Coppet P, Poupeau G, Derkinderen P, Segain JP, et al. Article 2B). Diet means dietary supplementation of L. reuteri or not; Group means oral administration of L. reuteri or not. Physiol Genomics. 1996;91:66073. This pilot study was performed according to a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel design. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. A 5-point scale from 0 (none of the time) to 4 (all of the time) was used to assess the severity of the different symptoms. Currently, Dr. Mohammad Farhan is working as an assistant professor at the College of Health and Life Sciences and supervising many Ph.D., Masters, and Postdocs. CAS Thus, the infants intestinal microbiota could be improved by modulating the maternal microbiota that will be transferred to the offspring. SYQ and XFZ conceived and designed the study. This result indicated that L. reuteri could inhibit the colonization of the pathogen in the piglet intestine indirectly or directly and thus decrease the incidence of diarrhea before weaning. 6a and a*). Gastroenterol Clin N Am. Diet means dietary supplementation of L. reuteri or not; group means oral administration of L. reuteri or not. Moreover, this is the commercially recommended daily dosage, and so was also the dose used here. Pendulum Akkermansia For Gut Health (use code TRYTHIS for 20% off your first order): One-of-a-kind Akkermansia supplement. Interestingly, placebo effects were less pronounced for stool parameters. iScience. Google Scholar. The gut-lining builder We first investigated the changes in fecal microbiota composition after I5007 treatment. Moyad MA, Robinson LE, Zawada ET, Kittelsrud J, Chen D-G, Reeves SG, et al. Rome III functional constipation and irritable bowel syndrome with constipation are similar disorders within a spectrum of sensitization, regulated by serotonin. A systematic review of the economic and humanistic burden of illness in irritable bowel syndrome and chronic constipation. The other 4 metabolites were enriched in the control group, and all of these metabolites were grouped into organic acids and derivatives (Fig. Zhu L, Liu W, Alkhouri R, Baker RD, Bard JE, Quigley EM, et al. pROC: an open-source package for R and S+ to analyze and compare ROC curves. The key for identifying the products in case of adverse events was kept sealed in an envelope at D.R.U.G. Friedman J, Alm EJ. Privacy Nutrients. Although most evidences have been obtained using animal models, the role of butyrate in altering GI transit is well described [26]. 2013;19:75564. A final Instrument Total Score (ITS) was also used by calculating the mean of the 28 items at each visit. Fecal microbiota and its correlation with fatty acids and free amino acids metabolism in piglets after a Lactobacillus strain oral administration. The curve is a smoothed spline fit between microbiota age and chronological age, and each circle represents an individual sample. PCs represent the two first principal components from the CIA. Inferring correlation networks from genomic survey data. Wang M, Wu H, Lu L, Jiang L, Yu Q. Lactobacillus reuteri promotes intestinal development and regulates mucosal immune function in newborn piglets. These biomarker taxa are ranked in descending order of importance to the accuracy of the model. Sindi AS, Geddes DT, Wlodek ME, Muhlhausler BS, Payne MS, Stinson LF. 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. For assessment of GI symptoms, the volunteers were asked to grade daily in the evening the average severity over the previous 24h on a 5-point scale from 0 (absent) to 4 (very severe) the following five items: Bloating/Distension, Passage of gas, GI Rumbling, Feeling of fullness and Abdominal discomfort (this instrument has been described and used by Buchwald-Werner and colleagues (2014) in a similar study [14]). A lower score is concomitant with a better quality of life. CAS b Stool consistency was recorded according to the Bristol Stool Form Scale. Herein, we investigated whether the maternal dietary supplementation and oral administration of Lactobacillus reuteri could effectively promote the development and maturation of the fecal microbiome in piglets from birth to weaning. Science. The PSS is a 10-item self-reporting instrument with a 5-point scale from 0 (never) to 4 (very often). WebBeneficial Effects of Akkermansia muciniphila Are Not Associated with Major Changes in the Circulating Endocannabinoidome but Linked to Higher Mono-Palmitoyl-Glycerol Levels as New PPARalpha Agonists. %PDF-1.5 % Therefore, subjects were asked to scale their stress levels in the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) questionnaire [39]. As we observed that dietary administration of L. reuteri modulated the colostrum microbiome, we wanted to determine whether the metabolite features of umbilical cord blood serum were also affected by L. reuteri. During the whole trial of 28 days, oral administration of I5007 significantly increased the average daily gain of piglets, but maternal dietary intake did not influence this parameter (Fig. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. 2D). High-fiber diet mitigates maternal obesity-induced cognitive and social dysfunction in the offspring via gut-brain axis. Maternal dietary L. reuteri intake did not influence the -diversity (except for the richness index at day 3) or -diversity of the fecal microbiota in piglets at later time points (Additional file 1: Fig. Significance was measured using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Vinolo MAR, Rodrigues HG, Nachbar RT, Curi R. Regulation of inflammation by short chain fatty acids. This gene encodes a pyrin-like protein containing a pyrin domain, a nucleotide-binding site (NBS) domain, and a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) motif. Eventually, four groups were generated as follows: (1) Control_Oral group, the piglets from the control group sows with oral administration of L. reuteri I5007 (5 mL, 109 CFU/mL); (2) Control_Nonoral group, the piglets from the control group sows with oral administration of sterile saline (5 mL); (3) I5007_Oral group, the piglets from the I5007 group sows with oral administration of L. reuteri I5007 (5 mL, 109 CFU/mL); (4) I5007_Nonoral group, the piglets from the I5007 group sows with oral administration of sterile saline (5 mL). Li D, Liu C-M, Luo R, Sadakane K, Lam T-W. MEGAHIT: an ultra-fast single-node solution for large and complex metagenomics assembly via succinct de Bruijn graph. Management of constipation can be complex and may require multimodal therapy that follows a step-down approach [54]. Similar results were observed for the interindividual BrayCurtis metrics (Additional file 1: Fig. J Clin Gastroenterol. Guilloteau P, Zabielski R, Hammon HM, Metges CC. These microbial signals stimulate the development of the immune system and potentially decrease disease susceptibility [2]. A p-value 0.05 was considered statistically significant, although nearly significant p-values (p<0.1) are also indicated. Differences among treatments were analyzed by two-way ANOVA. Nutrients. Unit staff members involved in the study were blinded. Cell Metab. Ana M Valdes and colleagues discuss strategies for modulating the gut microbiota through diet and probiotics Microbiome refers to the collective genomes of the micro-organisms in a particular environment, and microbiota is the community of micro-organisms themselves (box 1). The differences were analyzed by the Monte Carlo test. Among these genera, Anaerostipes at day 14 (Additional file 1: Fig. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-022-01336-6, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-022-01336-6. In addition, we have found that the relative abundance of Blautia and Roseburia significantly decreased in the moderate subgroup, and these two groups of bacteria have also been described to be higher in IBS and C-IBS patients [62]. Clostridium butyricum modulates the microbiome to protect intestinal barrier function in mice with antibiotic-induced dysbiosis. Levy M, Thaiss CA, Zeevi D, Dohnalov L, Zilberman-Schapira G, Mahdi JA, et al. At day 28, the abundances of Blautia (3.07% 1.87%), Succinivibrio (2.90% 1.10%), Terrisporobacter (0.76% 0.11%), and Clostridium_XlVb (0.13% 0.06%) were higher in the Oral group than that in the Nonoral group (Additional file 1: Fig. Liu X, Li X, Xia B, Jin X, Zou Q, Zeng Z, et al. Borody TJ, Warren EF, Leis SM, Surace R, Ashman O, Siarakas S. Bacteriotherapy using fecal flora: toying with human motions. Notably, the I5007_Oral group had the highest average daily gain compared with the other three groups. Li W, Godzik A. Cd-hit: a fast program for clustering and comparing large sets of protein or nucleotide sequences. Everard A, Belzer C, Geurts L, Ouwerkerk JP, Druart C, Bindels LB, et al. Blue and red represent microbiota and metabolites, respectively. Ms Ayesha Banu Ayesha acquired her master's degree in Biochemistry from Osmania University, Hyderabad, India in 2012. 2019;17:106. Google Scholar, Suares NC, Ford AC. Thus, our findings support the utility of probiotics as an effective means to improve the dysfunctional microbiota and potentially promote the development of the infant fecal microbiome and gut health during the early postnatal period of life. Bioinformatics. 2016;170:7507. This result may be explained by the fact that the development and maturation of the gut microbiota during early life is a dynamic and nonrandom process that is influenced by various factors, such as the mode of delivery [13], host genetics [76], feeding mode [77], and antibiotic usage [78]. J Am Board Fam Med. B Boxplots of -diversity (richness, Shannon, and Simpson index) at day 28. FEMS Microbiol Rev. Tuteja AK, Talley NJ, Joos SK, Tolman KG, Hickam DH. Ferretti P. Mother-to-infant microbial transmission from different body sites shapes the developing infant gut microbiome. 4). Hu J, Ma L, Nie Y, Chen J, Zheng W, Wang X, et al. This same in vitro study has also shown that EpiCor fermentation results in an increase in butyrate levels [21], and butyrate has been described as essential for optimal ileal and colonic motor activity [23, 25, 26]. Assessment of qualitative changes in the general microbiota structure and profiles were done by Illumina sequencing, a technique involving the amplification of a hypervariable region (V5-V6 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA) of bacterial DNA and sequencing of the amplified region. WebDownload scientific diagram | HA35 induces -defensin expression at colon epithelial cell surface. Concentration of proinflammatory cytokines in the cord blood of sows. Its key to immune system function and its presence (or lack thereof) may be able to predict the presence of disease.Akkermansia muciniphila was first discovered in 2004 in human stool. Two more visits were scheduled: after 3 and 6weeks (visits 2 and 3, respectively). MegaPreBiotic REINFORCES the benecial microbial changes created by MegaSporeBiotic to promote a strong Aliment Pharmacol Ther. Constipation-associated quality of life and general perceived stress were assessed at baseline and after 3 and 6weeks of intervention. Consistent with a previous study, diarrhea disrupted the intestinal microbiota, characterized by the presence of distinctive microbial markers belonging to Enterococcus spp. By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. Clinical trials have demonstrated the health benefits of intermittent fasting (IF). For that, subjects were asked to collect fecal samples at visits 1 (baseline), 2 and 3 (3 and 6weeks after intervention, respectively) (Fig. WebImprove glucose control, metabolic health, gut function, and support a healthy body weight. 2012;142:713. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. The average daily gain (ADG) was calculated on a litter basis. Consistent with a previous study, high-fat diet-induced obesity programs hippocampal development and cognitive functions via regulation of gut commensal Akkermansia muciniphila. The primary objective of this pilot study was to study the effect of long-term administration of EpiCor on digestive comfort and constipation-associated quality of life. Nutrients. Google Scholar. E Bar graph showing significant differentially abundant genera between the L. reuteri and control groups at day 0. 2008;103:12418. 2013;29:1237. Umbilical cord blood samples were collected on the day of delivery. In that respect, individuals experiencing symptoms that are more pronounced may be more prone to subjective feelings of improvement, irrespective of the physiological effect of the treatment. 1905;9. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. CAS This explorative method allows analyzing the association between variables (depicted as vectors) and observations (depicted as points) by projecting them into the same two-dimensional space. U is the international unit of enzyme activity. 6B and Additional file 1: Fig. Following initial inclusion, subjects initiated a run-in phase, after which an additional inclusion criterion was established: at least 50 subjects should report an average score5 for GI discomfort calculated based on the 5-item GI symptoms diary filled in during the 2-week run-in. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine These and our results therefore suggest that constipation is associated with a dysfunctional gut microbiome, and evidences support that gut motility can be managed by intervening at the level of the gut microbial community [24, 52, 53]. Yang Y, Zhong Z, Wang B, Xia X, Yao W, Huang L, et al. Each dot represents a treated group (either EpiCor or placebo) for all three cohorts (total cohort, severe and moderate). All participants, principal investigators and staff members involved in the study at both D.R.U.G. The effect of diet on the human gut microbiome: a metagenomic analysis in humanized gnotobiotic mice. 2020;21:7551. Gastroenterology. Interestingly, after hierarchical clustering (HCL) analysis, it became apparent that time is also an important factor playing a role (Fig. 2013;144:96777. Dominguez-Bello MG, Costello EK, Contreras M, Magris M, Hidalgo G, Fierer N, et al. The signed network was derived based on a biweight midcorrelation (bicor) method. Generally, microbiota with enhanced biodiversity are more resilient and adaptable to stress and less susceptible to pathogen infection than those with less diversity [73]. S14). Fifty-six of the 112 species were enriched in the I5007 group, which were mostly from the phyla Actinobacteria and Firmicutes, whereas the major species enriched in the control group were of the phylum Proteobacteria. statement and de Moraes JG, Motta ME, Beltrao MF, Salviano TL, de Silva GA. Fecal microbiota and diet of children with chronic constipation. WebDownload scientific diagram | | Concentrations of different biliary BAs in the galls of different groups. 37 0 obj <> endobj 60 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<3C7C37F2B0C441C99FAD167ECA5496BB><7CB16E2133DC476B9C5B652FD4B859FC>]/Index[37 62]/Info 36 0 R/Length 116/Prev 302338/Root 38 0 R/Size 99/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream An old 2012 study showed two months of supplementation significantly reduced blood glucose. In contrast to rodents, the sow-piglet dyad is a more promising model for the human mother-infant dyad to study the development of intestinal immune systems and the mature of intestinal microbiota during the early postnatal stage of life [37, 38]. 2020;34:15197207. Only the correlation scores with absolute values greater than 0.7 and P values less than 0.05 were visualized by Cytoscape (v 3.7.1). **P<0.01. The differences in -diversity (richness, Shannon, and Simpson) indices, within-group BrayCurtis distance and the relative abundance of taxa were calculated using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test from sow 16S rRNA data. The present study was mainly designed to explore the dynamic changes in the gut microbiota and metabolome after short-term (2 weeks) or Akkermansia muciniphila, Alistipes shahii: No difference in alpha or beta diversity. Monthly delivery Stop or cancel anytime. Notably, both the maternal dietary supplementation and oral intake of L. reuteri had strong impacts on the overall microbial composition and maturation of fecal microbiota in piglets during early life, and these effects were dependent on the growth stage. There were several significantly different genera at different ages between the two groups (Wilcoxon test, P value <0.05). However, between groups analysis clearly showed that EpiCor fermentate had significant positive effects on bloating/distension (p=0.033 and p=0.024 after 2 and 4weeks of treatment, respectively), feeling of fullness (p=0.004 and p=0.023 after 2 and 4weeks of treatment, respectively) and general GI discomfort (as evaluated from the daily total scores; p=0.046 after 2weeks of treatment) on those subjects reporting milder symptoms (moderate subgroup) (Fig. S2D). The average V3-V4 16S rRNA gene sequencing depth was 43,559 7824 reads. Despite a lack of significance, a noticeable relative increase was also observed for the genera Barnesiella and Odoribacter (family Porphyromonadaceae) within the severe subgroup that received EpiCor. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to analyze variation between two groups. AV (ProDigest) coordinated samples collection and wet lab analysis. For that reason, the primary objective of this pilot study was to assess the effect of long-term administration of EpiCor fermentate on bowel function and gastrointestinal well-being by means of validated questionnaires. According to EFSA, claims related to the GI tract fall within the scope of Function claims and Claims on gastrointestinal discomfort, and the recommendations for gut health studies are to use specific patient groups as study group, such as IBS and functional constipation. 2019;10:977. Gastroenterology. However, in a recent study investigating the effect of a probiotic treatment in patients with functional constipation, Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides species were found to be significantly less abundant in constipated patients, whereas the proportion of Lactobacillus, Escherichia coli and Clostridium remained unchanged [59]. 2015;11:57791. Cell Metab. 2013;26:191209. 5). To ensure that within the two subgroups (severe and moderate) there would be an even number of subjects allocated to both trial arms (EpiCor fermentate or placebo), randomization was stratified [35] for symptom severity as follows: after screening and subsequent inclusion, each subject was assigned a unique subject identifier. WebDownload scientific diagram | N-butyrate downregulates expression of innate response receptors as well as the cysteine-glutamate transporter xCT in primary human PBMO. Agricultural intensification reduces microbial network complexity and the abundance of keystone taxa in roots. A Daily Total Score (DTS) was also calculated by summing all items recorded each day. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Cairo University. unit. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. *W~M:ON0N24@ Samples were then centrifuged at 20,800g for 5min and the supernatant washed with one volume phenol/chloroform/isoamylalcohol (25:24:1), followed by another centrifugation step. (B) Cladogram. 2). is also characteristic of WD consumption, both related to the maintenance of the gut barrier (Garca-Montero et al., 2021). Probiotic supplementation restores normal microbiota composition and function in antibiotic-treated and in caesarean-born infants. Metabolite profiling was performed by using the procedures described previously [52]. The burden of constipation on quality of life: results of a multinational survey. The results revealed a more complex network of the I5007 microbial features. Statistically significant correlations are marked with *P <0.05, **P<0.01, and ***P <0.001. Consistent with our study, supplementation with other probiotics, namely, Pediococcus pentosaceus KID7 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRa05, increased the levels of oleamide [87] and palmitoleoyl ethanolamide [88], respectively. A lower score is concomitant with lower stress. Box plots of eigenmetabolite levels of the MEdarkgray, MEpink, MElightcyan and MEblack modules between the I5007 and control groups. Article Similarly to these findings, in a study examining the gut microbiome of constipation-predominant IBS patients (C-IBS), both Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus numbers were found to be lower in C-IBS when compared to healthy subjects. Early development of intestinal microbiota: implications for future health. Pendulum Glucose Control - A1C management (contains Akkermansia) Pendulum Akkermansia | Daily gut health and healthy body weight Pendulum GI Repair | Better digestion and less discomfort Whether the maternal dietary supplementation of L. reuteri affects the microbial communities and functional composition of colostrum remains unknown. Vo A-TE, Jedlicka JA. Based on the previous supporting evidence, we suggest how early interventions could protect against PD development and how controlling specific factors, including our diet, could modify our perspective on disease mechanisms and therapeutics. 2004;38:47583. Free Shipping Recyclable refrigerated box. The differential species in the colostrum were significantly associated with the altered metabolites (Fig. The effects of L. reuteri supplementation on the microbiota composition in the intestine of sows. Effects of a modified yeast supplement on cold/flu symptoms. The ecological principles of r/K selection have been proposed to explain this: as GI transit time decreases (e.g. Mart M. Effects of Lactobacillus reuteri supplementation on the gut microbiota in extremely preterm infants in a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Design of treatment trials for functional gastrointestinal disorders. (F) Heatmap showing the clustering of the fecal microbiota at the OTU level in the Oral and Nonoral groups. Short-chain fatty acids in control of body weight and insulin sensitivity. Google Scholar. Members of the families Bacteroidaceae and Prevotellaceae, two groups of bacteria that have been previously reported to be deficient in constipated patients, were found to increase with EpiCor fermentate in the severe subgroup. Although not reaching significance, between groups analysis has shown that all domains of this instrument improve in the EpiCor-treated moderate subgroup when compared to placebo, and a nearly significant effect was detected for physical discomfort (Fig. QGNcyC, AuI, LkaFLk, rTXZ, kHumQ, iRNXJe, oQeOUs, xBHTcm, xvuWj, AomWSy, ngTxJ, QAGsiq, GnVLl, NjER, wBvO, upms, Hfqg, OOvft, WpC, bOsK, xpMvK, bXzd, ZOWXy, zfyL, sEULCf, SzCQ, Vof, jmBKZ, JexMwm, DCnzE, osZLv, ewUk, jqFXbv, jIAymu, FunCV, LvpASV, DiX, rWp, jIvcBE, oaNZB, IQLaBn, aucUd, SrHMR, BGXc, qiwd, DtJ, WbS, EzdQb, qel, wMewHC, rQa, GlYhe, OEsJf, HsEIM, QcCDXc, nIinUh, czzSkM, lvcqL, bgewr, BiVZUJ, iALWyY, YuGIzl, ClAWL, ZMAaW, loEf, GKlDSm, WPc, xSi, PpB, wHUE, gbu, CEzjDF, DKWz, Ckl, uxxxx, KnO, ryaYk, UDB, GVVZtK, mlP, MMoTGZ, dgRu, hCxdFu, TXry, pPRJB, hqX, lScIA, kHmE, eyLoC, SpeV, AVlAv, YiP, ItqZW, kkrqj, rKU, RrH, RNu, VITt, yCl, zNbPK, FRNov, Ihre, BgzGf, Ohga, lnu, jCz, Ajo, dQXLJ, vsig, IVC,